In addition to the basics, the psychologist Erich Fromm wrote a fine book called The Art of Listening, in which he lays out more psychologically profound methods to achieve an optimal listening relationship. The key principles he outlines are roughly this:
1) Listening is an art form that requires our full attention, in order to be present and empathetic. It is practicing the art of profound engagement, where you can connect with the speaker’s emotions and the subtext of their words.
2) Genuine attention, empathy, and presence. It involves much more than just hearing words; it's about deeply engaging with the person speaking and understanding their emotions and underlying messages.
3) Doing your best to engage with the words you hear in an open, non-judgemental way, to ensure your own critical faculties are optimally attuned.
4) Paying attention to the context, tone and body language, as well as what is being said.
5) Encouraging the speaker to feel safe to express whatever they feel they need to.
6) Use
the listening experience as a path to self-discovery, where you can gain
insights into your own motivations, desires, and fears.
Art is perhaps the highest of all human creations, and I think we can profoundly enhance ourselves and our marriage if we treat the ability to listen and engage as an art form, in which the union of love is treated like an exciting adventure, ready to reveal more and more of its topographical secrets to those who pay close attention to its maps and landscapes.