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Using Philosophical and Economic analysis to consider big questions, world issues and matters of everyday life!
Saturday, 22 February 2020
Tuesday, 18 February 2020
The Truth About Air Pollution Is That We've Found Something Worth Dying For
The political
establishment and its media cronies have been peddling the message that air
pollution is a big problem that needed fixing yesterday. This week alone, the Reading
Chronicle tells us
that "air pollution is responsible for one in 16 deaths in Reading ", and you
can regularly read similar stories about all the world's major cities. There is
also a meme in circulation, about the pollution costs of air travel, where an
alarmist has declared eco-planetary outrage that about a million people are travelling
in the air at any one time.
Air pollution
is not a good thing intrinsically, of course - but here's a better way to think
about the so-called air pollution problem. People tend to focus too much on
negative aspects of reality and too little on the benefits. As such they make
lots of basic errors in assessing human behaviour and value. A headline like
“1,784 people were killed in reported road traffic accidents in Great Britain
in a year” is more newsworthy than reporting on the millions of people’s
uncountable benefits from road traffic. Just about every transactional benefit
you can think of involves road transport. And while it’s obviously awful that
1,784 died because of road traffic (and there may be further improvements
required) it’s absolutely astounding that so much value can be created by road
traffic. Most humans seem to agree with me, as every day thousands of them take
to the roads or embark on transactions that require road use. Roads are, by and
large, a thing to be celebrated – they are a great human triumph. They are so
good that every day millions of people across the world risk a slim chance of
death by getting behind the wheel.
To avoid (at
best) inconsistency and (at worst) outright hypocrisy, the same kind of
rationale needs to be extended to most of the things that propagandists bemoan
– air pollution, sugary foods, air travel, carbon emissions – these are human
triumphs with costs, not human maladies that desperately need eradicating. When
it comes to benefits like big cities, eating chocolate, holidays abroad, and
the astronomical progression explosion of carbon-based technology (which is
pretty much everything we’ve ever invented, bought and sold), a much more
accurate perspective would be to celebrate that there are so many things that
humans have found that are worth risking shortening their life for.
If there really are a million people in the air at any one time, then flying confers huge benefits on society, and we should be very circumspect in calling for the cessation of such a valuable industry. Nevertheless, the environmentalists, blind to cost-benefit analyses, insist that rotten old air pollution is a big problem and that this fact is part of an unquestionable scientific consensus.
Putting aside
the fact that scientific consensus on the damage of air pollution does not constitute
a good economic argument to reduce air pollution, which is something that
regularly confuses the masses, I did a bit of research this afternoon to see if
there is anything in the argument that air pollution is bad enough to warrant
trying to do something about it. Here are my conclusions. I read five articles
- all of which tried to explain the cost of air pollution - but what the articles
had in common was that they all peddled an agenda that veers somewhat from the
truth. What was clear was that the institutions wanted air pollution to be a
problem, so they made every effort to present it as a problem with some dodgy
thinking.
Here’s a good
example; I read some toxicological research that said “Cardiovascular and
pulmonary diseases, as well as respiratory infections, account for the majority
of deaths from air pollution.” That looks like a squalid attempt to lump in
other types of death into the statistic and attribute them to air pollution.
Lots of things contribute to cardiovascular, pulmonary and respiratory-related
deaths – fatty foods, smoking, stress, indolence, old age, high blood pressure,
diabetes, congenital diseases, jobs exposed to dust and allergens – it’s simply
misleading to ascribe them to air pollution, and reason that we should all cut
down on driving and flying.
There is also
the ‘framing effect’ tactic which is regularly used, as I saw in another
article, which stated that “air pollution causes more deaths than
malnutrition”. One way to look at it is to say how terrible that must be
because malnutrition is such a big killer. Another way to look at it is to say
we must have done well if the thing that decimated populations for hundreds of thousands
of years is no longer the primary cause of our death. In other words, you have
to make some pretty remarkable advances as a species to get to the stage where
air pollution causes more deaths than malnutrition, especially when you factor
in the dubious causalities I mentioned above, and the immense benefits of
living in cities (already 55% of people live in cities, and another 2.5 billion
are expected to move to a city by 2050).
Air pollution
is a temporary problem, which will be improved upon with our technological
advances. In the meantime, air pollution is the result of living for so long in
such prosperity, in cities with a richer diversity and multitude of benefits
that our ancestors who died young of malnutrition and infectious diseases would
consider luxurious.
You have to
ask some serious questions about why these people are deliberately inflating
the supposed severity of these matters – and in particular, why they are manipulating
the data and their language to make it sound like their ideology is the right
one. The upshot is, the argument that our deaths are related to a single cause
that’s easily attributable to air pollution is absolutely ludicrous; and
furthermore, the fact that we are living long enough and prosperously enough to
suffer the side effects of such overall higher standard of living,
technological advancement and material enrichment, is part of the greatest
victory humanity has ever enjoyed. The solution to the world's climate
situations is to be found in trade, competition, technological innovation and
the sharing of ideas – not in absurdist extreme politics.
Monday, 3 February 2020
Food Banks Are Part Of Capitalism's Success
I was interested to read this
debate, which began with Labour MP Zarah Sultan bemoaning the fact that
“There are more food banks in Britain
than there are McDonald’s restaurants”, and the Tory MP Therese Coffey replying
that “food banks are the perfect way to help the poor”.
Until today, I didn’t
know that there are more food banks in Britain than there are McDonald’s
restaurants, but it’s a very interesting fact, because if you laud McDonald’s
as a capitalist success in providing thousands of jobs and thousands of hungry
people with cheap fast food, then you should laud food banks as part of
capitalism’s success in providing Brits with so much opportunity to voluntarily
donate food to those in need of a helping hand.
It’s true we should lament
the fact that there is so much reliance on foodbanks; but that is no more the
fault of capitalism than headaches are the fault of paracetamol or wounds are
the fault of bandages. Quite the reverse, capitalism is to poverty as
paracetamol is to headaches - it generally makes the problem better, not worse.
If we all agree that
hunger is bad, that no one should be hungry, and that if plenty of people are
using food banks there must be plenty of hunger, then it’s absurd to identify the
solution to a problem as the thing that’s wrong in the first place. Food banks
are a triumph, they provide a way for volunteers to help others in ways that
the government fails to help them. But they are mostly a way for humans to
volunteer to help each other. They are one of the successes of the free market.
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